• Sales technology

A sample business plan for the production of paving slabs on a mini-enterprise scale. Paving slabs are a popular material that is widely used in paving streets and territories. Paving slabs have a number of advantages over asphalt pavement

Paving slabs are a popular material that is widely used in paving streets and areas. Paving slabs have a number of advantages over asphalt pavement:

• Longer service life (up to 30 years);
• Environmentally friendly, since only safe components are used in the production of tiles;
• Strength, the material is not damaged by changes in temperature and humidity, and can also withstand heavy loads;
• Colorful appearance and unique design.
  

Today there is a large selection of equipment for the production of paving slabs, from manual to automatic lines. The production itself can be organized in almost any room with an area of ​​80 m2. Two workers can easily handle the production of 1000 m2 of paving slabs per month.

Do I need permission to open a production facility?

To organize the production of paving slabs, it is enough to register individual entrepreneurship. As tax systems the best option is the simplified taxation system (STS), 6% of revenue or 15% of profit.

Let us calculate the main indicators of the economic efficiency of the production of paving slabs using the vibration casting method.

Introductory information:

• Production area: 90m2;
• Type of property: rent (25 thousand rubles/month);
• Number of shifts: 1 shift;
• Productivity per shift: 50 m2 of tiles or 1100 m2 per month;
• Number of working days in a month: 22 days.
  

How much money do you need for a business producing paving slabs?

Capital costs for starting a paving slab production business will be 358,500 rubles.

Download business plan for the production of paving slabs

Material costs for the production of 1 m2 of paving slabs are 169.36 rubles.

The cost of paying wages will be 32,000 rubles per month.

The cost of production of 1 m2 of paving slabs is 252.8 rubles. Total monthly expenses are 278,036 rubles.

How much can you earn in the production of paving slabs?

Conclusion: The net profit of the paving slab production enterprise will be 137.6 thousand rubles per month. The profitability of production at such indicators is 49.5%, and the payback period for capital investments is only 2.6 months. It is worth considering that such indicators are possible subject to 100% sales of all manufactured products, which is 1100 m2 of paving slabs per month.

We recommend download business plan for the production of paving slabs from our partners, with a quality guarantee. This is a full-fledged, ready-made project that you will not find in the public domain. Contents of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

A significant advantage in organizing a business for the production of paving slabs is the absence of the need to obtain special licenses and mandatory certification.

In this regard, it is necessary to draw up a business plan taking into account the following factors:

• Registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, depending on the volume of sales and production.
• Selection of premises for production.
• Purchase and installation of necessary equipment.
• Recruitment and training of personnel.
• Setting up sales of products to the sales market, establishing supply agreements with sales representatives.

What equipment is needed to produce paving stones?

Establishing mass production of paving slabs is possible only if you have high-quality equipment. You will need to purchase:

• Forming and unmolding vibrating tables.
• Plastic molds for creating the required tile sizes.
• Special mineral additives to the concrete composition, strengthening its structure and giving the desired parameters.
• Various dyes.

Don’t forget to organize the purchase of raw materials for production - cement, sand and crushed stone.

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

When submitting documents for registration of individual entrepreneurs, it is necessary to indicate the OKVED code 2. 23.6: production of products from concrete, cement and gypsum.

What documents are needed to open

Registration of a business will require registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. In the first case, the businessman must submit a notarized application for business registration indicating the OKVED code, a photocopy of the passport and ID code, as well as a receipt for payment of the state fee. If you want to additionally receive a quality certificate, then you need to contact the appropriate organization, which will conduct an analysis for compliance with GOST, identifying indicators of humidity, frost resistance, mechanical strength, etc.

Which tax system to choose

In most cases, entrepreneurs register a business by choosing a single tax on imputed income. A simplified taxation system would also be suitable.

Sales technology

You can sell tiles immediately after setting up production, based on samples. The company should have samples of tiles prepared so that the buyer can navigate the assortment in advance. You should not focus on one type, but rather produce paving slabs of different sizes and different types.

In addition to sales, it is advisable to provide additional services: transportation, installation and project design development. This will increase business profitability by 20-30%. You can expand your customer base through advertising: placing city banners, as well as creating and posting information on a website on the Internet.

The construction segment today is second only to the telecommunications sector in terms of the level of implementation of new technologies. Literally every day they talk about “new breakthroughs” and the emergence of new “unique” technologies. Such activity does not always correspond to real needs and, even more so, to real market opportunities. Practice shows that good old technologies not only remain in demand, but also provide excellent chances to start your own business with small investments. The realities of small business in 2015 show rather illusory prospects for the construction market, but the question remains, what should construction teams do, how to look for an alternative to make money?

The answer can be found in related areas, in optimizing the business itself. As one of the alternatives (in truth, the option is good for organizing a new business), you can consider organizing the production of paving slabs using the vibration casting method.

How much does it cost to produce paving slabs?

The level of depreciation of fixed assets is not just high, but very high, this applies to all aspects, including sidewalks. If we talk about the roadways, those same roads, the situation is no better; this issue belongs to the sphere of interests of the “big” bosses, as a result they are, at the very least, repaired. The situation is completely different with sidewalks; no money is allocated for them; the specifics of their repair do not allow for much acceleration. From practice, I can say for sure that 3-4 times more can be “appropriated” from one square meter of road. Most sidewalk repairs in cities, small towns, and private households are left to small businesses. What does this mean in practice?

At organizing a full cycle from production to laying paving slabs, the business receives significant benefits in the form of:

• - flexible pricing policy. The final price of the finished product will not include the price of an intermediary (as in retail sales - 20-50%, the cost of a foreman's services - 20-30%). In fact, this means that tiles can be laid at a 50% discount without losing average profitability.
• - individual approach to the client. Selection of shape, color, it is possible to take into account the individual characteristics of the site.
• - full range of services. If we consider that for the mini workshop itself, raw materials (screenings, cement) will be purchased at wholesale prices from established suppliers, then de facto the client pays and actually receives everything at once at the optimal price.

By and large, it is this complex option that makes it possible to talk about the business of producing paving slabs as an option for construction crews to repurpose.

Do not forget about the profitability of the business, two main points:

• - the production of sidewalk tiles has a profitability of 40-50% for wholesale sales and about 80-90% for retail sales;
• - using the same equipment (except for molds) it is possible to produce a very wide range of products, not just tiles.
• - profit from laying sidewalks also reaches 50%.

In total, due to the full cycle, it is possible to achieve about 100% profitability, and due to the wide range of products, “smooth out” seasonal fluctuations in demand.

For example, for the period of the “winter season” we can repurpose ourselves into the production of concrete countertops and figures.

Technologies for the production of paving slabs

If we consider the market as a whole, we can distinguish three main technologies:

1. Clinker tiles.
2. Vibrocasting
3. Vibropressing

Relatively clinker tiles, one thing can be said, expensive. Moreover, in all other respects, high-quality clinker products are better. Such products are made from clay and then fired at high temperatures. Such production is expensive to organize and requires special permits and high-quality raw materials. In the end, it turns out to be expensive, this technology goes into the realm of big business. In terms of their technology, they also have a lot of nuances, ranging from the availability of really high-quality raw materials (not all clay is suitable) to the need to maintain a constant technological cycle. Recently, a friend’s “lights” were turned off for a couple of hours, and then they spent a week “picking out” the frozen clay.

One more The manufacturing technology for paving slabs is vibration compaction. The method is undoubtedly good and has its advantages:

• - firstly, the possibility of widespread use of automatic processes. If you have money and desire, about 90% of all processes are done by automatic machines.
• - secondly, higher wear-resistant performance.

There is a downside though:

• -expensive equipment. Such a workshop cannot be called small; its organization will require quite a lot of money, as a result, it is necessary to immediately aim for large sales volumes.
• - the cost of such products is higher than that of tiles made by vibration casting.
• - higher stability shows itself effectively only in cases of intense loads. For example, if you use tiles as paving stones on a road with heavy traffic (cars) or a very large flow of people.

Vibrating casting - in this option for the production of paving slabs we are talking about traditional casting using a vibrating table, this option is suitable for home businesses. The technology itself simply does not require any additional, much less special, equipment other than the table itself. In fact, the procedure is a chain:

Concrete (cement-sand mixture) is prepared in concrete mixers, consisting of:

• cement;
• sand;
• granite crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm;
• plasticizer C-3;
• air-entraining SNV additive;
• pigment.

Ready concrete is laid out into molds on a vibrating table;

The mixture in the molds is given the required density on a vibrating table;

The forms with the solution are put on racks, covered with PVC film and kept for 24 hours;

The molds with the frozen mixture are heated in a bath of warm water;

The products are being stripped;

The tiles are laid on pallets, where they are kept for a certain period until they are completely ready.

pros

• - low cost of the finished product;
• - small starting investments;
• - maximum business flexibility. Products can be made in small batches of any shape and color.

Minuses

• - high level of manual labor;
• - strict linkage of production volume to the workshop area.

What equipment and premises are needed?

The total area for a small workshop should be about 60 square meters, plus rooms for final drying of paving slabs. The main condition is:

• - availability of electricity and water.
• - heating. To obtain a strong product, it is necessary to comply with the drying conditions; in cold periods, you need to “raise” the temperature, and in hot periods, lower it. Drying too quickly leads to loss of quality.

Among the equipment it is necessary to highlight

Concrete mixer - about 20,000 rubles.

Forms for pouring tiles. It must be emphasized that today there are four variations of forms on the market:

Metal forms. The most expensive, one of the advantages is the possibility of long-term use, and the disadvantage is the cost.

Rubber, can be used up to 500 cycles.

Plastic – 250 cycles

Polyurethane – up to 100 production cycles.

Which forms to buy is a rhetorical question; practice shows that when choosing forms you must be guided by one principle - rationality. Expensive, more durable rubber or metal molds will work for popular molds. But when making non-standard or one-time orders, it is worth buying cheap and short-lived plastic or polyurethane.

Vibrating table. Its cost largely depends on the size, quality, and supplier. By and large, you can make it yourself.

Table for stripping. Simply an irreplaceable thing and assistant, especially in conditions of seasonal intensity.

Bath for washing molds. After making the tiles, all molds must be thoroughly cleaned; a “dirty” mold is almost 100% defective.

Rokla hydraulic. Also, at first glance, it is a rather unnecessary thing, but when working with working volumes of tiles, its transportation and transportation without a roller is a tedious, labor-intensive process of palletizing.

and activities

It is very difficult, one might even say unrealistic, to calculate the real cost without specific information about the region and the availability of raw materials. On average in the market, the level of profitability of production is about 30-45%, while it fluctuates significantly depending on the remoteness of the resource base, this is due to the presence of cement factories, granite and sand quarries. The closer, the cheaper the raw materials, the higher the level of profitability. One of the most significant factors for a small mini paving slab workshop is the low dependence on fixed costs, which allows you to “freeze” production very quickly and start it up just as quickly, without using significant financial resources.

Advertising and sales of finished products

Very often, small businesses (especially if the business belongs to the home business category) do not attach much importance to advertising and beautiful presentation of their goods; this is perhaps one of the most common mistakes, as a result of low sales volumes at the beginning of the project. Subsequently, “popular rumor” and “word of mouth” do their job, but this happens later. I would advise you to take product advertising seriously and suggest the following options:

• - first. Preparation of bright advertising brochures. Moreover, the booklets should contain high-quality photos, a large selection of various shapes (this can be taken from sites selling ready-made forms for paving slabs) and colors. The fact is that even for a small order you can always save money and buy cheap molds made of plastic or polyurethane. Plus, the cost of several thousand advertising brochures will not be that expensive. When distributing brochures, the main thing is to choose the right place and contingent.
• - second. Advertising in newspapers is required, especially since you will have the opportunity to lay tiles. For a small paving slab workshop, you can rent a large banner; again, the main thing is to choose the right location.

Alternative and related activities

Small-scale production of paving slabs has another significant advantage, this is the ability to expand the range of products and services offered, in particular:

• - tile laying services.
• - production of fences, curbs, gutters.
• - using almost the same set of equipment you can make concrete garden figures or kitchen countertops, window sills, and even fountains.
• - a minor modernization and you can start producing cinder blocks, and if you have money, then foam concrete (you need to buy a high-speed concrete mixer).

The list goes on; today there is a huge number of concrete products on the market, most of which can be produced at home, including paving slabs and paving stones.

Video example of making paving slabs with your own hands

DIY paving slabs

We organize a small mini workshop with our own hands for the production of paving slabs

So, you have decided to start a business, where to start?

First, we need to decide what and for whom we will produce, as well as have an idea about the subject of our business.

The demand for paving slabs has always been great. Our consumers will be all segments of small and medium-sized businesses, tenants and owners of shops, enterprises, as well as owners of private houses and summer cottages.

However, today the main use of paving slabs is masonry and road construction. The most popular remains rectangular tiles in the form of bricks. Easy to use and lay, both paths and parking areas.

Paving slabs in the shape of squares are ideal for creating walkways, paths, sidewalks, decorating steps and porches.
The success of the business depends on a good knowledge of your product, all stages of production, and main advantages.

We list the main ones:
1. The tiles have a beautiful appearance and unique design.
2. Long validity period up to 30 years.
3. Made from environmentally friendly raw materials without harmful impurities
4. High strength, raw materials are resistant to moisture and temperature changes

Business organization.

The first step is to register your business as an entrepreneur and familiarize yourself with the taxation system. In this case, taxes will be 6% of revenue or 15% of profit. Registering a business is quite simple, since paving slabs are not certified. However, if you wish, you can order a special certificate from the certification service and receive a tile quality certificate. The cost of testing ranges from 3 to 10 thousand rubles in various laboratories.
So, we receive a business registration certificate and register with the tax authorities. It is important that an individual entrepreneur is a private person and has no relation to legal entities. This gives us the advantage of limiting ourselves to collecting only 4 documents:

1) Copy of passport
2) Copy of TIN
3) Receipt for payment of state duty
4) Application for registration of activities.
The cost of registering an individual entrepreneur is 800 rubles. state duties and by law takes only 5 working days.

Room.

When choosing a room, you must be guided by the footage, at least 80 m2. It is important to have communications, electricity for equipment operation and water supply. In the warm season, you can save money and not rent storage space, but in winter you will have to ensure optimal temperature conditions and equip it with a drying chamber maintaining 35-45 degrees. Rent will be 20-25 thousand rubles per month.

Staff.

For a production volume of more than 1000 m2, it is quite enough to hire two or three workers. No education is required for this job. Workers mix cement according to one recipe, pour it into molds and dry it. Salary from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. per month.

Equipment and production technology.

Sufficient technologies and equipment have been developed for the production of paving slabs, both manual and automatic. The choice is quite large. The cheapest method for producing paving slabs is vibration casting.

Basic equipment:
- vibrating table
- casting molds
- concrete mixer

Production technology.

1. Prepare the concrete mixture in a concrete mixer
2. Place this mixture in molds on a vibrating table
3. Leave the mixture in the molds for up to 48 hours and cover with PVC film
4. Heat the finished products to 60-70 degrees for about 2 minutes and remove the tiles from the molds on the table.

Raw materials for tile production.

Cement
- sand
- granite crushed stone
- plasticizer S-3
- pigment
- air-entraining additive START

Marketing.

In any business or starting your own business, you can’t do without marketing research. The profitability of the business, the amount of invested funds depend on this, and the risks of ruin are eliminated.
You can conduct market research yourself, or involve a specialist.

It is easy to carry out a comparative analysis by studying supply and demand (production volumes) in the region of your residence. Identify the main complaints and wishes of customers, think about what can be improved.

Advertising is the main driver of good sales in the market. The main task is to find loyal customers.
Types of advertising:
- posting advertisements
- advertising via the Internet by posting advertisements on advertising boards
- creating your own website with a product catalog
- group on social networks
- distribution of leaflets
- advertisements in newspapers, on television

Sales of products.

In order to maximize market coverage and receive a sufficient number of orders, it is necessary to provide a good selection of quality products of various shapes and colors at affordable prices. We need to focus on the common population and help in decorating the territories of private houses.

Financial plan.

The result of our activities will be a financial plan, final approximate cost calculations and a summary of the necessary indicators.

Main parameters:
- room area - 90m2
- rent - 25 thousand rubles. per month
- 1 shift
- productivity - 50 m2 of tiles (1100 m2 per month)
- 22 working days per month.

Equipment costs:
- vibrating table - 1 pc. - 20 thousand rubles.
- molds for tiles - 180 pcs. - 270 thousand rubles.
- concrete mixer (250 l.) - 15 thousand rubles.
- racks - 50 pcs. - 27 thousand 500 rub.
- floor scales - 1 pc. - 11 thousand rubles.
- other equipment - 15 thousand rubles. Total: 358 thousand 500 rubles.

Material costs:
- cement - 16 kg - 78.4 rubles;
- granite crushed stone - 54 kg - 54 rubles;
- plasticizer - 0.3 kg - 11.4 rubles;
- water - 9 l. - 1.26 rubles;
- pigment - 0.3 kg. - 24.3 rub.

Total: 169.36 rub. for the production of 1 m2 of paving slabs.

Employee salaries:

Moulder - 12 thousand rubles;
- molder - 12 thousand rubles;
- accountant - 8 thousand rubles;

Total: 32 thousand rubles. per month.

Total production costs per month, per shift and per 1 m2 of paving slabs:
- raw materials - 186,296 rubles. per month - 8468 rub. per shift - 169.4 rub. per 1m2;
- salary - 32,000 rubles. per month - 1454.5 rub. per shift - 29.1 rub. per 1 m2
- insurance deductions - 9600 rub. per month - 436.4 rub. per shift - 8.7 rub. per 1 m2
- rent - 25,000 rub. per month - 1136.4 rub. per shift - 22.7 rub. per 1 m2
- electricity - 1140 rub. per month - 51.8 rub. per shift - 1.03 rub. per 1 m2
- advertising - 8000 rub. per month - 363.6 rub. per shift - 7.3 rub. per 1 m2
- transportation costs - 6000 rub. per month - 272.7 rub. per shift - 5.5 rub. per 1 m2
- other expenses - 10,000 rubles. per month - 454.5 rub. per shift - 9.1 rub. per 1 m2

Total: 278036 rub. per month - 12639 rub. per shift - 252.8 rub. per 1 m2.

The cost of 1 m2 of paving slabs is 252.8 rubles. All expenses per month will be 278,036 rubles.

Let's calculate the payback of the enterprise, as well as profit:

Cost of 1 m2 - 252.8 rubles;
Sales price for 1 m2 - 400 rubles;
Profit from 1 m2 before taxation - 147.2 rubles;
Profit per month before tax - 161,929 rubles;
Tax simplified tax system - 15% of profit - 24,288 rubles;
Net profit per month - 137,632 rubles;
Net profit per 1 m2 - 125.12 rubles;
Production profitability% - 49.5%;
The payback period for the equipment is 2.6 months.

Conclusion: The profit of our paving slab manufacturing business will be 137.6 thousand rubles per month. Production profitability is 49.5%, and payback is 2.6 months. Such indicators can only be achieved by selling all products.

Payback (profit from sales).

The quality and cost of paving slabs are directly related. The price of a product depends on many factors, such as strength, color, development technology. Poor quality tiles will not last even 5 years, requiring replacement, but good quality tiles will last up to 30 years.

In any business there is competition and tile production is no exception. To withstand the onslaught and remain a leader in the market, timely modernization of production is required, the purchase of new modern equipment such as forklifts, conveyor-type installations to increase production volumes through technological solutions, and not additional recruitment of labor.

The return on investment for the business of producing paving slabs is 100-130% and this is a pretty good figure. This business has quite a lot of advantages - good profits, easy technological process.

However, it is necessary to take into account disadvantages, such as monotony and monotony of work, some seasonality of customer requests. But if you show your creativity in the process, unexpected design solutions, beautiful designs on the tiles, you are guaranteed to enjoy doing what you love.

Production of paving slabs: business plan step by step + 5 types of tiles + 3 production methods + detailed investment calculations.

Capital investments: 968,800 rubles.
Payback period: 3 months.

Production of paving slabs- a profitable business with a long-term development perspective.

The infrastructure of modern cities requires constant replenishment of reserves of building materials, including paving slabs.

Why paving slabs? Because this is a business that is always relevant. Think about how many sidewalks are tiled in your city. The building materials market is always in demand + the pace of infrastructure development is increasing, which implies an increase in the need for consumables.

Own tile production is an expensive business, because the cost of high-quality equipment starts from $5,000. The main positive side is the profitability of over 100%.

Do you have the money and desire to open your own paving slab production? Let's start building now!

Production of paving slabs - let's start with marketing

To begin with, you should answer a few basic questions about promoting any product:

1. What to sell?
2. Who should I sell to?
3. What price should I set?

The correct answers to these questions can form the perfect sales marketing plan. Start with the first one.

What to sell?

Paving slabs? This is not the answer that will give you a competitive advantage.

You need to decide on a specific product. Initially, you will have a small production line - you shouldn’t spread yourself thin.

Consider the main types of tiles and choose the option that suits you:

View	a brief description of
Sidewalk paving stones	The surface of the tile is hard and frost-resistant; it contains granite chips. Rectangular or chipped shape, the lower and side edges are smooth, the color scheme is predominantly strict. Reusable and resistant to mechanical damage.
Crumb rubber tiles	The composition includes crumb rubber + polyurethane glue. Shape and size may vary depending on the area of ​​use. It is used for children's and sports grounds, places with an increased risk of injury.
Reinforced	High strength tiles. Inside there is a wire mesh that can significantly increase the mechanical resistance of the product. Produced only by vibration casting. It is frost-resistant, adheres to a strict design, and is used for laying parking lots and entrances to factory buildings.
Polymer sand	Consists of polymer, sand and pigment. Lightweight and frost-resistant, used for laying pedestrian areas. The only negative is low strength. The production method is characterized by the use of high pressure to increase the homogeneity of the mixture.
3D design	Paving slabs with 3D print. The peculiarity is that the print is resistant to mechanical damage and all kinds of weather conditions. In terms of its physical qualities, it is in no way different from the most ordinary paving slabs.

So, the production of paving stones for sidewalks is the best solution for a beginning entrepreneur.

Paving stones are easy to make and popular both in the city and in the private sector. Simplicity sells well. Simple forms appeal to most potential buyers.

Who should I sell to?

The sales market for paving slabs is limited by the scope of application.

Think about where you could find tiles? Obviously on the sidewalks! You do understand that it is advisable to use paving slabs only for laying city roadsides, or to use them for decorating private sector areas?

We determine a list of possible customers:

• State utility structures that are engaged in beautification of the city territory.
• Construction companies.
• Owners of private sector houses.

Which one should you focus on?

Of course, the best customer is government agencies. They will provide you with constant sales volumes.

But, as a beginner, you do not have the necessary status and opportunity to immediately get into the ranks of leaders.
The target audience for the project that will be discussed in this guide is the private sector.

Owners of private buildings purchase considerable volumes of tiles. It gives a certain status to the “estate” and promotes comfortable movement in the yard in any weather.

What price should I set?

Vibration pressing. This path will allow the entrepreneur to increase the volume of goods. But at the same time, you will have to shell out a fairly substantial amount of money on equipment for the production of paving slabs.

Financial issue: equipment for the production of paving slabs

Equipment for the production of paving slabs is the main expense item in starting this business.

Buying a new brick making machine or finding a used one is a pressing question for a novice entrepreneur.

Compare prices for all major equipment and draw the appropriate conclusions:

Equipment	Cost, rub.)	Purpose
Vibropress	~ 500 000	Production of paving slabs. Depending on the shape of the matrix, it can be used to produce blocks and other building materials from concrete mortar. Due to vibration and the influence of the punch, the solution is converted into a dense structure.
Hyperpress	450 000	Allows you to form tiles using high hydraulic pressure, thereby compacting the mixture to the desired hardness.
Vibrating table	30 000	The solution in the matrix hardens due to prolonged exposure to vibration. At the end we get tiles that need to undergo a long drying process.
Form	100	Formation of a product with specified parameters. The forms are made of plastic, which ensures durability and functionality + resistance to the influence of the solution.
Rack	2 750	Size: 2000x300x1000 mm. Used to place tiles during the drying process. The base is steel. The rack must be able to withstand the appropriate load.
Concrete mixer	14 000	With the help of a concrete mixer, the solution acquires a uniform consistency, which avoids differences in the composition of the finished tiles.

A complete production line costs from 50,000 to 800,000 RUR. Equipment for the production of paving slabs using a brick press will cost 520,000 rubles.

1) Molds for the production of paving slabs.

Molds for the production of paving slabs deserve special attention. They differ in their design, resistance to mechanical damage, and composition.

Let's look at a comparative table that will give you an idea of ​​the main types of forms depending on the composition:

Compound	Peculiarities
Metal	Durable, simple design. If you have experience working with welding and metal, you can try making the mold yourself. Problem: constant exposure of metal to water leads to rapid corrosion. It is important to use stainless metal.
Tree	Affordable, you can easily assemble it yourself using plywood and wooden slats. Easy to modify. Problem: the wood becomes saturated with moisture and swells, making it difficult to remove the tiles. You can use polyethylene mats to avoid direct contact of the solution with the wood.
Plastic	The forms are light, quite strong, but short-lived, since plastic does not have the best strength indicators . You won't be able to make a mold yourself - working with liquid plastic is very difficult.
Silicone	Flexible forms capable of withstanding 50 to 100 cycles of use. High-quality silicone allows you to create tiles of any shape, which is a huge plus.

Every tile manufacturer faces a question: is it possible to make a mold yourself?

A standard mold is used 50 (plastic) to 200 (metal) times.

To avoid big expenses, you can make molds yourself. The best material is metal or wood. Savings - 50%. But if you are not confident in your design abilities, the best way out is to buy a ready-made mold.

Making molds yourself makes sense only if you use a vibrating table as the main production method. Assembling a matrix for a brick making machine yourself is not the best idea, because you will not be able to adhere to the technological process from start to finish.

2) Machine for the production of paving slabs.

The cost of a brick press ranges from 300,000 to 500,000 rubles. Not the best price for a novice entrepreneur! Is it possible to find an alternative to a new tile making machine?

A used machine costs 40 - 50% less than a new one. But it is important to understand that such savings in the first stages of production will lead to future expenses for repairs + may result in a complete stop of work.

Does a machine for producing paving slabs with such an appearance inspire confidence in you?

Is risk a noble cause?

It's up to you to decide. Remember that idle operation of the mini-plant will lead to a decrease in efficiency. The best solution is not to save money and buy a new press that will ensure uninterrupted operation of the enterprise.

How to decide on the premises?

We sorted out the equipment. Now it’s time to think about where to place all the production equipment.

What should you consider when choosing a room?

Remember, you need to think about the location of the warehouse and workshop in the same room. For these purposes you will need 100-120 sq. m.

Obviously, producing paving slabs at home is nonsense.

1. Ceiling height >3 m.

Water supply.

Water is necessary both for concrete formation and for hygienic purposes.

2. Electricity - 3 phases.

Availability of space zoning.

It is necessary to separate the workshop area from the warehouse and the hygienic corner.

Convenient access to the warehouse.

You are engaged in the production of tiles, transportation of which is not the easiest task. Take care of your customers - organize a comfortable entrance.

Rental price 1 sq. m. warehouse - 150 rub. Respectively, room of 100 sq. m. will cost 15,000 rubles/month.

Personnel for the production of paving slabs

How many personnel are needed to service the workshop? First, you should figure out the volumes of tiles that you are ready to produce per day.

For the operation of a workshop that produces 50 sq. m. of tiles per day using a vibropress, you need to hire 3 employees:

The work of a sales manager and accountant will fall on your shoulders. When the company begins to generate stable income, you can hire specialists for these positions.

Newbies in the production of paving slabs

often make many mistakes due to ignorance of technology.

Important secrets from the manufacturer in this video will help you avoid them!

Production of paving slabs: equipment, personnel, premises - financial calculations

968,800 rubles - start-up capital for opening a tile production. How much money should you shell out for monthly infusions?

Monthly investment in tile production

Every month production will take 383,000 rubles from you.

Profitability calculation

• 50 sq. m. of tiles per day – 1,500 sq. m. per month;
• 1 sq. m. costs 550 rubles;
• “dirty” income will be 825,000 rubles;
• “clean” - 442,000 rubles;
• payback – 3 months.

Profitability is very high, which allows you to achieve payback in 3 months and then work to expand production. This is the most obvious advantage of this business idea.

You learned the basics of how to organize production of paving slabs. Business plan- this is only a small part in the practical implementation of the project. Study the technological process, the legislative component and start working on your business today.

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In the modern world, with the growth of people's well-being, more and more attention is paid to the decoration of patios, paths in gardens, and areas adjacent to the building. Those who have sufficient financial resources can afford to make them from granite or marble.

But most people purchase paving slabs for these purposes. Therefore, a small business producing paving slabs, if properly organized, will not only generate some income, but also flourish. In addition, the business can include not only the production of tiles, but also the work of laying them. This will attract many more people who want to purchase it from you.

Where to start a business

Before you start formalizing and registering a paving slab production business, you need to develop a business plan. What should be included in it?

• First, you need to decide on the choice of tile manufacturing technology.
• Then select the appropriate equipment, calculate the costs based on its cost, transportation costs for delivery and installation.
• Next, calculate the amount of raw materials required for the production of one batch of paving slabs and its cost.
• Consider how finished products will be packaged and where they will be stored.
• Based on this, the area of ​​the room is determined.
• It is also necessary to think about ways to sell finished products and expected income.

Let's take a closer look at each point of the business plan.

Types of paving slabs

There are several types of paving slabs, which have fundamental differences due to the choice of raw materials for their production.

1. Classic paving slabs. Concrete mixtures are used in its production. It can have different surface textures: smooth, Greek, Roman, parquet and scales, circles and stars, shagreen, etc. Such tiles are produced in several colors: blue, gray, green, red and yellow. Tile size 315x315x40 mm.
2. Polymer sand tiles (plastic). It is based on a mixture of polymeric materials and sand with various modulating additives. This is a durable and practical type, resistant to corrosion and other mechanical and chemical influences. It retains its color throughout its entire service life. It does not generate sparks or cement dust, which allows it to be used for arranging floors in industrial premises and bathrooms.
3. A relatively new type of paving slab is rubber. It is made from crushed car tires, which makes this type of tile flexible. It is resistant to acids and alkalis, has elasticity, does not cause wear on shoes, and does not crumble even in severe frosts. This is an ideal option for equipping children's and sports grounds, areas around swimming pools. It has a slightly rough surface that provides good grip on the sole of the shoe, which prevents slipping.

Manufacturing technology

There are two technologies for the production of paving slabs:

• Vibrocompression. Products obtained by semi-dry pressing have accurate geometric dimensions, stable operational parameters, high frost resistance and low (up to 5%) water absorption. The disadvantage of this method is expensive equipment. The cheapest concrete block press “Condor” (for small businesses) costs 250,000 rubles. Its power is 4.4 kW, productivity is 40 m² of paving slabs, size 200x100x70 mm, per shift. It is equipped with a concrete block press with a Poisson matrix, a pumping station and a control panel. Racks and pallets must be purchased separately.
• Vibration casting. Tiles produced using this technology have high performance qualities. It is distinguished by a smooth, glossy surface. This is the best option for small businesses. The cost of equipment is from 27,000 rubles.

The technological process in both cases consists of the following stages:

1. Preparation of appropriate forms. Before use, each mold must be lubricated with a special compound. It is better to use emulsol. It is applied in a thin layer, using a brush or spraying. It is prohibited to lubricate them with compounds that contain petroleum products. The molds can be used without pre-lubrication. The only condition in this case is to treat them with an antistatic agent before the first use. After removing the finished tile from the mold, it is washed with a 7% hydrochloric acid solution.
2. Preparation of the composition for filling. To do this, a mixture of sand and crushed stone, cement and filler, and the required amount of water are placed in the concrete mixer. When preparing colored single-layer tiles, dye is added. In the production of two-layer tiles using two concrete mixers, the dye is used only in the second mixer.
3. Forming and pouring the prepared mixture into molds on a vibrating table, or compaction using vibration pulses from a press.
4. Drying the product in natural conditions. To do this, forms with the mixture are placed on special racks or left on the floor. When drying with hot steam, they are placed in special containers. To prevent excess moisture loss, the forms are covered with film. Drying time from 15 to 24 hours.
5. The finished tiles are removed from the molds on a special table with vibration. Forms with finished tiles are immersed in special baths with water heated to 50ºC for a couple of minutes. The polymers from which the molds are made expand, and the tiles are easily removed. After the unmolding process, the tiles are placed on pallets, tied with packing tape and covered with stretch film or special shrink film made of polyethylene.
6. Transportation for storage or sale.

Necessary equipment

To make paving slabs you will need the following equipment:

• Gravity type concrete mixer, driven by V-belt and gear drive. To produce single-layer tiles, one unit is enough. Making two-layer tiles will require two concrete mixers. The cost of one concrete mixer is from 10,000 rubles.
• A forming vibrating table with a vibration frequency of 80 Hz and a power consumption of 250 V, dimensions 180x80x80 cm, will cost 27 thousand rubles. You will have to spend about 17 thousand rubles to purchase a table for unmolding.
• Equipment for packaging, including stretch film, metal or PP tape, as well as a device for tensioning and compressing staples. Its cost is from 3000 rubles.
• To move finished products to the storage location, you will need a hydraulic rocker, costing from 7,000 rubles.
• Forms for filling the mixture, in quantities of up to 200 pieces, at a price of 35 rubles or more per piece. They can be:
  1. rubber - up to 500 fills are used,
  2. plastic (PVC) – up to 250 fills;
  3. polyurethane – up to 100 fills.
• During the drying period, the forms are covered with reinforced PVC film. Its cost is 45 rubles and more per linear meter.
• Racks on which molds with tiles are placed for curing.
• Pallets (pallets) for transporting finished products.

Raw materials for making tiles

The following raw materials are used for production:

1. Cement grade M500 D-0 (without additives) or M400.
2. Crushed granite stone (fraction size should not exceed 10 mm).
3. Sand, the particle size modulus of which is less than 2. To prepare the mixture, take 1 part crushed stone and 3 parts sand.
4. Mineral supplements (dry):
   • Dispersant - added to the first layer. First, a solution is prepared by pouring 5 kg of dispersant into 20 liters of hot (60ºC) water. One liter of prepared solution is added to 50 kg of cement.
   • Plasticizer – used in preparing the second layer of tiles. To do this, 1 kg of plasticizer is diluted with 4 liters of hot water. For 50 kg of cement, take ¼ of the prepared solution. Both modifiers are placed in the concrete mixer simultaneously with the main mixture.
   • Dyes (pigment) are added to the mixture at the rate of 2 kg of dye per 50 kg of cement. Exceeding this norm reduces the frost resistance and strength of the finished tile.

Product cost and business profitability

To calculate the cost of 1 m², the following indicators are taken:

1. The cost of renting the premises.
2. Costs for electricity and water supply.
3. Expenses for wages of workers.
4. The cost of one cubic meter of concrete, which produces an average of 16 m² of tiles.

Let’s say the cost of producing one square meter of paving slabs was:

1. The cost of raw materials including delivery is 110 rubles,
2. Electricity – 1.30 rub.
3. Depreciation costs for the operation of premises and equipment - 3 rubles.
4. Salary – 9.5 rubles
5. Taxes – 1.2 rubles.

Total: the cost of one m² of tiles was 125 rubles.

In one month, 8,000 m² of paving slabs were produced and sold at a conventional price of 300 rubles per square meter.

Income received - 2,400,000 rubles.
Spent on production – 1,000,000 rubles
Taxes paid - 400,000 rubles.
Net profit - 1,000,000 rubles.

Even if the tiles are sold at a lower cost, production will still be profitable. Having a constant sales market, all costs for equipment, etc., will pay off quickly enough.

But you will have to take care of selling products. Various promotions will be required, including advertising brochures with product descriptions. The most effective of them is advertising on various Internet resources. Don't forget about the prospects. Since any business must constantly develop, and not stop at the achieved results.